The art of motion picture make-up has seen a remarkable evolution over the decades, reflecting changes in technology, audience expectations and artistic vision. This transformation is particularly significant in the context of South African cinema, where cultural diversity and unique storytelling have influenced make-up artistry in profound ways. In this blog, we will explore the evolution of motion picture make-up, highlighting key developments and their impact on the film industry in South Africa.
Early beginnings: The silent film era
The birth of cinema make-up
In the early days of cinema, make-up was a rudimentary affair. The primary goal was to ensure that actors’ faces were visible on the monochromatic film. Make-up artists used heavy greasepaint to highlight facial features and expressions, which were crucial for storytelling in silent films. South African cinema, still in its growing stages during this era, mirrored these global trends.
Key techniques and materials
Actors would often apply their own make-up, using products like kohl and basic face powders. The lack of sound required exaggerated expressions, which were accentuated by bold make-up. This period laid the groundwork for more sophisticated techniques and the eventual rise of professional make-up artists.
The golden age of Hollywood: 1930s to 1950s
Advancements in make-up artistry
The introduction of sound in films brought new challenges and opportunities for make-up artists. In Hollywood, figures like Max Factor pioneered new products and techniques that enhanced on-screen appearances. South African films, influenced by American and European cinema, began adopting these innovations.
Technicolor revolution
The advent of Technicolor in the 1930s revolutionised make-up in cinema. Artists had to adapt to the demands of colour film, which required more natural and varied make-up palettes. This shift was significant for South African productions, as local filmmakers started to experiment with colour films, necessitating advanced make-up skills.
The 1960s and 1970s: Special effects and creativity
Rise of special effects make-up
The 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of special effects make-up, driven by the demand for horror and science fiction films. Legendary artists like Dick Smith and John Chambers created groundbreaking techniques that transformed actors into monsters, aliens and other fantastical beings. South African cinema, though more focused on socio-political narratives, also began exploring special effects make-up, particularly in genre films.
Cultural influences
During this period, South African cinema reflected the country’s complex socio-political landscape. Films began to incorporate make-up that highlighted local cultural identities and narratives. This was a crucial development, as it allowed for more authentic and diverse representations on screen.
The 1980s and 1990s: Technological advancements
Introduction of prosthetics
The 1980s and 1990s marked significant technological advancements in motion picture make-up, including the widespread use of prosthetics. Films like “The Elephant Man” showcased the transformative power of prosthetic make-up. South African filmmakers, influenced by these global trends, began to incorporate prosthetic make-up to enhance storytelling.
Digital revolution
The late 1990s saw the beginning of the digital revolution in cinema. While digital effects started to take centre stage, make-up artists adapted by integrating practical effects with digital enhancements. South African cinema, embracing new technologies, continued to innovate in make-up artistry.
The 2000s to present: Blending practical and digital
Integration of practical and digital effects
In the 21st century, the line between practical make-up and digital effects has blurred. Films like “The Lord of the Rings” and “The Avengers” seamlessly blend prosthetic make-up with CGI. South African cinema, with productions like “District 9,” showcases how local filmmakers are adeptly combining these techniques to create visually stunning and narratively compelling films.
Focus on diversity and authenticity
Contemporary South African cinema places a strong emphasis on diversity and authenticity. Make-up artists are tasked with creating looks that accurately represent the country’s myriad cultures and histories. This focus not only enhances the visual storytelling but also ensures that films resonate deeply with local and international audiences.
The future of motion picture make-up in South Africa
Embracing innovation
The future of motion picture make-up in South Africa looks promising, with a growing emphasis on innovation and creativity. Emerging technologies such as 3D printing and advanced prosthetics are expected to play a significant role in the evolution of make-up artistry. South African filmmakers are poised to leverage these advancements to push the boundaries of visual storytelling.
Training and education
To sustain this growth, there is a need for robust training and education programmes in make-up artistry. Institutions like CityVarsity offer comprehensive programmes that equip aspiring make-up artists with the skills needed to excel in the industry. By fostering a new generation of talented artists, South Africa can continue to make significant contributions to global cinema.
The evolution of motion picture make-up has been a fascinating journey, marked by significant technological and artistic advancements. In South Africa, this evolution reflects the country’s unique cultural landscape and its dynamic film industry. From the early days of greasepaint to the sophisticated techniques of today, make-up artistry has continually adapted to meet the demands of storytelling.
For those passionate about pursuing a career in motion picture make-up, the future holds immense possibilities. Transform your passion into a profession with CityVarsity’s Higher Certificate in Motion Picture Make-Up! Master the skills needed to create stunning and realistic looks for Film and Television.
